Odyssey years Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Odyssey years - Essay Example It portrays equivalent to a meandering age (Brooks 2012). This is on the grounds that it has a haze definition. It is an age of blended beliefs. This exists in the verbalization of attempting to set up a character out of a blurring age. This age faces various settings of assessing their own heading. The essayist concurs prominent examples out of the equivalent. In the first place, the essayist gives the case of vocations. The odyssey age involves people that attempt different professions. This is on the grounds that they are differed methods of self articulation. A significant model identifies with the instance of IT that has opened up numerous types of vocations. IT has additionally part customary vocations into innovation arranged structures in this way fitting into the data immense age. Also, the workplaces have changed to incorporate casual structures, for example, home workplaces. In their tutoring, the individuals from the odyssey age go to class and take parts from the equivalent. This varies from the idea of having explicit time of tutoring. An individual from this age can go through five years before settling on a master’s qualification. A progressively charming component identifies with their social connections. Such people are hysterical as in they can live with their individual families and companions simultaneously. The steady concern of guardians has existed in the view that the odyssey age will in general be reluctant in firing up their families. This is on the grounds that they trust in the customary change from understudy life to grown-up obligations. This change expends inconceivable times of five to seven years. This is combined with the possibility that these guardians don't see an away from of explanation in their offspring’s life. Highlight that these contentions are propped by a significant sociological clarification. This is prominent in their deferral of marriage, having kids and accomplishing sensible business. In the past age, people characterized adulthood by regular achievements. This involved

Ethnic studies Essay Example for Free

Ethnic examinations Essay The understudies, joined together, will never be vanquished! . This was the energizing call of understudies at San Francisco State University attempting to spare their Asian America Studies classes in 2008. 40 years after the principal Third World Liberation Front challenged segregation and for their privileges to have ethnic examinations classes, the battle despite everything proceeds. Understudies battled to have classes from the viewpoint of ethnic people groups, and not the Eurocentric perspective. In doing as such, the battle for ethnic examinations from understudies and the network tested and broke the state of affairs and build of race in an Eurocentric America. Ethnic examinations in the U. S. grounds began during the 60s alongside the Civil Rights Movement, resistance against the Vietnam War, the battle for womens rights, and numerous different battles by the individuals for their privileges. In March of 1968, The SFSU Third World Liberation Front was made by understudies of various ethnicities meeting up. This was the longest strike in understudy history, and brought about the production of ethnic investigations at SFSU, just as expanded confirmations for understudies of hues to the college. The second longest strike happened in UC Berkeley, with the strike more rough than the first. The grasped clench hand was the image for the strike, correspondence, force, solidarity, and change for the minority bunches in America. Throughout the years, there have been numerous strikes and dissent from understudies to have ethnic investigations. California was a hotbed for the battle of ethnic investigations since it has the most worker and ethnic gatherings in the United States. It was a mixture of African Americans, Asians, American Indians, Latinos, etc. It was extremely just a short time before they faced separation. At the point when minorities got up in solidarity and took to the streets, it frightened them. Them alluding to the white political pioneers of the schools. The first to confront separation is normally those that are instructed and acknowledge they can roll out an improvement through their activities. Understudies of ethnic foundation battled for social equity for themselves, however for a bigger picture returning to their networks. Ethnic understudies are agents to their families and networks. A significant number of these ethnic understudies were the first to go to school in light of the fact that their folks or families came to America in scan for a superior life and an open door for their youngsters at instruction. As these strikes were happening, the network came to help them. The people group of ethnic understudies, however white supporters too. Supporters that comprehended the battle of the ethnic gatherings, and met up to battle together. Many white understudies had gotten to the meaningful part of comprehension, what our motivation was, what it implied, and that we would not like to assume control over the college, assume control over the nation, we needed finishes. At the point when we think third world we consider individuals that are ad libbed, poor, and lacking instruction. These third world individuals a Though they werent extremely third world understudies, lacking access to classes that spoke to their ethnic foundation implied they had no real way to truly become familiar with the battle of ethnics individuals that preceded them. Luis Alarcon made a point that he considered UC Berkeley his college, however the leader of Berkeley differ and said the college was for the individuals of California. Despite the fact that Luis is an individual of California, the president didn't think about the college for him. As a race of minorities, they were attempting to liberate themselves from being third world residents in the United States. What we got from this understanding were things that we as third world people groups merited, and we as understudies, and we as residents of this nation merited. In any case, is there a logical case that makes certain individuals third world, or is it a political motivation to individuals ethnic individuals third world residents? Ethnic individuals living in the United States in the were regularly victimized. As Laureen Chew stated, obviously I accused it just for ourselves and our family for being brought into the world Chinese, and so on. They accused their race, rather than finding a shortcoming in the public eye for making them a sub-par race that were abused unreasonably. Indeed, even today, despite the fact that prejudice isn't as self-evident, it is as yet alive and set up. Partially blind prejudice fills in as the ideological covering for a proselyte and regulated framework in the post-Civil Rights era†. Minorities can be oppressed their ethics, qualities, and character without whites sounding supremacist. Be that as it may, is being partially blind segregating also? By not seeing shading, one neglects to perceive that we still havent arrived at a level where we just adjudicator from character, and not the shade of our skin. Its clear we today, have not arrived at that objective yet. Tom Horne Arizona administrator of open guidance has confidence in playing hooky since it will split children and just show them barely about the race they were naturally introduced to. Ethnic examinations is for the strengthening of ethnic understudies, however for all understudies who need to find out about the historical backdrop of various people groups. It wasnt such a long time ago when minorities were second residents in the United States. Many were isolated against, beaten, slaughtered, and uneducated. Be that as it may, what were the terms that characterized certain people groups as an alternate race from whites? Race is an idea with means and represents social clashes and interests by alluding to various sorts of human bodies. So in light of the fact that individuals of various ethnicities have various bodies, explicitly skin shading they were hindered in contrast with white Americans. The word mastery advises us that the institutional prejudice is a kind of intensity that incorporates the representative capacity to order one gathering of individuals as ordinary and different gatherings of individuals as anomalous, the political capacity to retain fundamental rights from ethnic minorities and marshal the full intensity of the state to uphold isolation and in fairness. To break this organization, learning ethnic examinations draws out reality of this nation, which thusly draws out the significance of the United States. Ethnic examinations permits us to contemplate our relationship as far as our relationship this nation and our experiences. It gives us a premise to manage noteworthy racial issues, for example, the Zimmerman preliminary. Ethnic investigations offices in the CSU are at the bleeding edge in driving understudies to adjusted, basic, and open conversations of racial and ethnic issues that, shockingly, presently can't seem to be settled in the US. Its essential to have an arrangement in instructing understudies with the goal that we may shape our own informed suppositions and learn realities on the historical backdrop of our ethnicities. Individuals surrendered their bodies for their entitlement to have ethnic examinations. I needed to give you a sonnet, yet I give you my body. As she completed her discourse, her kindred supporters concurred with her with uproarious adulation. She was just one of numerous defenders in many years of battle by understudies to battle for their ethnic examinations offices. The fighting for ethnic investigations was interwoven with the resistance against the war, social equality, and other social issues going on at that point. In 1999 the issue was California getting progressively vigilant against settlers, utilizing them as a substitute for the economy falling flat. Fighting at Berkeley implied shielding governmental policy regarding minorities in society, safeguarding the privileges of migrants. The fighting in SFSU was the longest enduring understudy fight. Their sobs for we need the manikin! implied they needed to talk about ethnic investigations with S. I. Hayakawa who didn't revitalize with the understudies despite the fact that he was Asian American. These understudies were liable to police viciousness, who went into the cafeterias to pester and assault the understudies. At Valley State University, Latino understudies with the dark understudies fought so as to have more portrayal in and open up classes for Chicano studies and Black examinations. So what job does race truly play in the entirety of this? We realize that regardless of whether its not about race, its consistently about race. You can say that the understudy fights were about race. At the point when you get some information about which race they are, one ordinarily gets a reaction like, asian, dark, white, or so on. The two ways of thinking, Primordialism and Instrumentalism, are contradicting powers in which the previous accepts that races existed, that races are naturally decided and particular from each other. The last accepts race as a man-made, human made reality. It is an instrument that was developed sociohistorically so as to apportion assets. A result of the battle for ethnic examinations is that it tested what the racial standard truly was. By battling for their privileges, the protestors unintentionally worked on what truly characterizes race; a bigot innovation to partition and dispense assets. However, can we truly overlook that our race has nothing to do with our hereditary cosmetics and the manner in which we look? Biased and partial conduct towards minorities was the reason for the understudy turmoil, just as picking up help from non-ethnical understudies and network. Jesus Rodriguez acknowledged individuals can rush to connect certain qualities to a people race. The attributes we join to minorities are theyre lethargic, they dont need to leave the base, theyre moderate students, and so on. In view of this, white individuals in power segregated these minorities, saying they dont have a place in their colleges. Many white individuals had confidence in the state of affairs or race at that point and contradicted the ethnic protestors. In any case, shouldn't something be said about every other person that in the end agreed with the protestors? Particularly during the 60s and 70s, individuals started to battle for every others rights. The division between races between individuals were diminishing, and the idea of a human race were growing. They battled for their own privileges and they battled for every others rights, since they understood constantly were experiencing a similar battle. I believ

Free Essays on Superpowers

It is regularly considered how the superpowers accomplished their position of strength. It appears that the developing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be followed to World War II. To be a superpower, a country needs to have a solid economy, an overwhelming military, enormous global political force and, identified with this, a solid national belief system. It was this war, and its outcomes, that made every one of these superpowers experience such a prevalence of power. Prior to the war, the two countries were fit to be portrayed as extraordinary powers, yet it is incorrect to state that they were superpowers at that point. To see how the subsequent World War affected these countries so extraordinarily, we should inspect the reasons for the war. The United States picked up its quality in world issues from its status as a financial power. In the years prior to the war, America was the world’s biggest maker. In the USSR simultaneously, Stalin was executing his ‘five year plans’ to modernize the Soviet economy. From these circumstances, comparable international strategies came about because of generally unique roots. Roosevelt’s nonintervention rose up out of the wide and predominant household want to stay unbiased in any worldwide clashes. It usually generally accepted that Americans entered the primary World War essentially so as to spare industry’s industrialist interests in Europe. Regardless of whether this is the situation or not, Roosevelt had to work with an inalienably neutralist Congress, just growing its points of view after the shelling of Pearl Harbor. He marked the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illicit for the United States to dispatch arms to the belligerents of any contention. The demonstration additionally expressed that belligerents could purchase just non-combat hardware from the US, and even these were just to be purchased with money. Conversely, Stalin was by need keen on European issues, however just to th... Free Essays on Superpowers Free Essays on Superpowers It is frequently thought about how the superpowers accomplished their position of predominance. It appears that the developing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be followed to World War II. To be a superpower, a country needs to have a solid economy, an overwhelming military, enormous global political force and, identified with this, a solid national belief system. It was this war, and its outcomes, that made every one of these superpowers experience such a prevalence of power. Prior to the war, the two countries were fit to be portrayed as incredible powers, however it is wrong to state that they were superpowers at that point. To see how the subsequent World War affected these countries so extraordinarily, we should analyze the reasons for the war. The United States picked up its quality in world issues from its status as a financial power. In the years prior to the war, America was the world’s biggest maker. In the USSR simultaneously, Stalin was actualizing his ‘five year plans’ to modernize the Soviet economy. From these circumstances, comparative international strategies came about because of broadly dissimilar causes. Roosevelt’s nonintervention rose up out of the wide and pervasive household want to stay unbiased in any universal clashes. It normally generally accepted that Americans entered the principal World War just so as to spare industry’s entrepreneur interests in Europe. Regardless of whether this is the situation or not, Roosevelt had to work with an inalienably neutralist Congress, just extending its viewpoints after the shelling of Pearl Harbor. He marked the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illicit for the United States to dispatch arms to the belligerents of any contention. The demonstration additionally expressed that belligerents could purchase just non-weapons from the US, and even these were just to be purchased with money. Conversely, Stalin was by need keen on European issues, however just to th...

What You Can Expect From Informational Essay Examples

What You Can Expect From 'Informational Essay Examples'An excellent way to earn extra credit is to go to the library and take advantage of the article collection titled 'Informational Essay Examples'. This collection contains concise and to the point explanations of what you can expect in many different types of writing, from academic essays to business letters. The topic ranges from communication, relationship management, marketing and even the physics of human behavior. The approach is really similar to how one would look at a conventional essay.The use of 'Informational Essay Examples' has led to the creation of different websites with essays that you can read online. The most popular websites contain essays that are relevant to the topic that the student has chosen. These essays are often in an informal style, because it is not a conventional format.Many of the essays that you find on the various websites come with a link to the website, so that you can download the whole collect ion of essays, in addition to any tips that may have been included with the assignments. The topics range from sports statistics to health related issues, and everything in between.Many of the topics are geared towards teaching or giving information on particular subjects that are being taught at the college or university. Some essays also contain videos as well, which you can click on for instructional information.A lot of the essays include some type of application or form that you can fill out, either for online surveys or to sign up for email newsletters. A lot of the content comes from the online quizzes that ask students to put some knowledge issues into some questions, in order to see the actual results of the tests.Online quizzes can be useful in many ways. You might want to look into the possibility of registering for a couple of them, especially if your son or daughter is interested in playing video games, since this will allow him or her to practice and improve skills by playing online games.In addition to the great use of 'Informational Essay Examples', the resources are all found online. Therefore, you won't have to go outside to have access to them. You can be sure that you will get a good idea as to how things work, and why they work the way they do.

Important Aspects Of A Functioning Classroom - 904 Words

Through this past semester, we have heavily discussed the important aspects of a functioning classroom, from different theorists to helpful teaching techniques. We’ve debated what it means to be a great teacher. There are quite a few flaws in our education system today, but I believe most of the theories we discussed could be accorporated much more in the classroom. John Dewey, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, and Lev Vygotsky all understood the way children think and the importance of imaginative play. They also understood that children need to be active in nature. Also, we have discussed different forms of learning, such as project based learning, and outdoor classrooms. In my opinion, the education system should have minor changes that benefit the students more. Despite the various flaws, schools are extremely important for students especially on a social stand point. They can be around children their own age and interact in various scenarios. Socializing is important f or children of all ages, it helps them develop listening skills, communication skills, how to share, how to work in groups, and compromise. Every interaction a child has is a learning experience. They learn what is right or wrong and how to communicate appropriately, social interaction plays a key role in cognitive development. Lev Vygotsky was a cognitive theorist who believed social interaction and imaginative play were critical in child development. â€Å"Imaginative play is actually a complex processShow MoreRelatedImportant Aspects Of A Functioning Classroom Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThrough this past semester, we heavily discussed the important aspects of a functioning classroom, from different theorists to helpful teaching techniques. We’ve debated what it means to be a great teacher. I believe most of the theories we discussed could be incorporated much more in the classroom. John Dewey, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, and Lev Vygotsky all understood the w ay children think and the importance of imaginative play. They also understood that children need to be active inRead MoreChildren With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder1674 Words   |  7 Pages III. Efficacy of an Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Citation Roux, C., Dion, E., Barrette, A., Dupà ©rà ©, V., Fuchs, D. (2015). Efficacy of an Intervention to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Remedial Special Education, 36(3), 131-142. doi: 10.1177/0741932514533998 Authority of Source Catherine Roux and Eric Dion have both earned a PhD and Anne Barrette earnedRead More Teaching Children with Autism Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pageswith this diagnosis in your classroom. This paper explores some of the methods used to teach autistic children. 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So adult education incorporates everything from basic learning to personalRead MoreInclusive Education And Its Implication On All Students Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesto ADHD including remaining seated and finishing work (Ashman, 2010). Lack of concentration is a key sign of ADHD and Dirks preference to listening to music is supporting this. 2.3- Sienna, a grade prep student, has been identified to have high functioning autism. Sienna has demonstrated the preference of having structure and consistency and lashes out when a change occurs which results in at times being sent home. Being a prep student at the school has a teacher aide which implies that Sienna hasRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthe classroom because they are leaning for knowledge and not just for marks or grades. Most students are naturally extrinsically motivated at school by things such as grades and their future career. In a perfect world we â€Å"want students to be motivated also by the love of learning, knowledge for the sake of knowledge, and positive feelings about themselves† (McKinney). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One way of intrinsically motivating students is to â€Å"foster student autonomy† (Specific Classroom ManagementRead MoreUnderstanding Social And Emotional Components Of Student Behavior796 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Needs as an Approach in Developing a Positive Classroom Environment , Ozorio, 2014. This study examines social and emotional needs of students and its implications in developing a positive classroom. This study reveals that teachers need to be connected with their students by understanding their needs and seeing things from their point of view. Understanding the social and emotional components in student behavior is important in developing a constructive and positive environmentRead MoreChildren Of The Classroom Benefit Students By Teaching Responsibility, Boosting Self Esteem, And Helping With Children With1290 Words   |  6 PagesPets in the classroom benefit students by teaching responsibility, boosting self-esteem, and helping with children with anxiety. â€Å"From early childhood, the desire to keep a pet is almost universal; children dream frequently about animals; images and pictures of animals dominate children s books; children who keep pets often regard baby-faced animals as siblings; and there appears to simply be an human attraction to, or at least interest in, non-human animals† (Daly, Suggs 104). â€Å"Keeping pet animalsRead MoreBehavioral Regulation And Academic Success979 Words   |  4 Pagesis a great determinant of their academic achievement and many research studies have actually shown that there is a strong relationship between a student’s behavioral regulation and academic success. Children’s behavioral regulation and executive functioning are strong predictors of academic achievement (McClelland et al., 2014). Behavioral regulation is the complex cognitive processes involving processing and manipulating stimuli (working memory); inhibiting automatic reactions to stimuli while initiatingRead MoreAssessments For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesAssessments for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism is a mental disorder, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. (Classroom-Assessment-Theory-into-Practice, 2012) One in 88 children are diagnosed with autism and the symptoms are usually noticed between the ages of 18 months and 5 years. Typically, autism affects individuals in 5 key areas: Communication (verbal and non-verbal)

Analyzing The Association Between The Emotional Stroop...

Words Have Feelings Too Aminah Hilaire Howard University Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between the emotional stroop with trait and state anxiety. Researchers chose a cluster of eight random female students in an experimental psychology course to complete an STAI form and online emotional stroop test. By filling out and participating in the prior stated procedures, researchers would be able to determine if cognitive processes are linked to emotional disorders. The STAI forms determined the state and trait anxiety scores of each individual participant. The emotional stroop test assessed emotions by keeping time with how long it took participants to determine the†¦show more content†¦There is anxiety that is only situational, state anxiety, and anxiety that is general, trait anxiety. Researchers in this study wanted to know if state and trait anxiety could calculate a correlation coefficient with the emotional stroop. They also wanted to identify whether trait or state anxiety would have a stronger associat ion with performance on the emotional stroop. Researchers hypothesized that both state and trait anxiety would be able to be calculated with a strong, positive correlation coefficient and that state anxiety would have a stronger association with performance on the emotional stroop. Previous studies have shown that there is no correlation between a high-ordered construct and the time it takes on an emotion stroop test. In a study conducted by Klug and Matthews (1993), results showed that general emotionality was not important in predicting the extent of interference for color-naming emotional words. Brosschot and Ruiter (1994) found the emotional stroop to be bias in anxiety states. If not bias by the emotional stroop, then bias by the participants with anxiety. A study found that participants in various phobic groups try to suppress their high anxiety when taking the emotional stroop test (Amir et al, 1996). Few prior studies involving anxiety and the emotional stroop have a signif icant interference. Egloff and Hock (2001) found that only for individuals who have high trait anxiety

The Role of Midwife in Health Advancement †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role of Midwife in Health Advancement. Answer: The Role of Midwife in Health Advancement According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is the complete state of physical, social wellbeing, and mental of an individual and not the absence of infirmity or disease. The definition of health by WHO integrates the key model of health, this means that wellbeing and health are the result of the integration of emotional, physical, and intellectual factors. Health promotion has emerged due to the increasing realization by the society that health is one of the most valuable assets one can have. Therefore, a midwife has the key responsibility to ensure health promotion. In this case, the essay seeks to discuss the role of midwives in health promotion. Breastfeeding is one of the paramount forms of nutrition for babies, which is an imperative topic when it comes to health promotion. However, it is equally important to understand that, health promotion is not just a role of the midwife but rather a core competence. According to Sharma (2016), the Midwifery and Nursing Council outlines the duties and responsibilities of the midwife, which include, helping people improve their health. Thus, midwives have the role of promoting and protecting the wellbeing and health of the people under their care. Health promotion can be described as a mechanism to achieve the desired state of health. Fadl, Blair, and Hassounah (2016) suggest that heath promotion is characterized by a number of approached which include, behavioral, medical, educational, empowerment, and the societal. Therefore, it is imperative for midwives to consider this approached in order to promote the health and wellbeing of those who are under their care. Midwives influence women and their families on a daily basis. This means that midwives can influence the way this group of people handles their health issues during childbirth and beyond. Mukhtar (2016) points out that, in every interaction, a midwife has with a woman, it creates another opportunity to promote and improve the long- term health, and this is because midwives are the most trusted figures in health promotion. For instance, midwives can advise women to breastfeed their babies to improve their health and that of the baby. Such information is positive as it will instill the feeling of accountability on the mother, this is vital as it will influence the mother to take up the responsibility of breastfeeding the baby so that it can have a good health. Therefore, it is important for midwives to pass positive information not only to women but also to the entire population in order to safeguard their health (Bowden Manning, 2016). In conclusion, midwives have the duty to implement positive strategies in order to promote the health and wellbeing of the people under their care. In this case, it is imperative for midwives to equip themselves with knowledge and skills necessary in health promotion like breastfeeding and women empowerment so that they can properly breastfeed their babies. Therefore, midwives should develop effective strategies that aim at improving the health of women and their children. By doing so, midwives will have succeeded in the core role of health promotion. References Bowden, J., Manning, V. (Eds.). (2016).Health promotion in midwifery: principles and practice. CRC Press. 10(06). 34-78 El Fadl, R. A., Blair, M., Hassounah, S. (2016). Integrating Maternal and Children's Oral Health Promotion into Nursing and Midwifery Practice-A Systematic Review.PloS one,11(11), e0166760. Mukhtar, M. (2016). Role of Nurses and other Health Care Providers in Promotion of Health In Pakistan. 10(14) 123- 180 Sharma, M. (2016).Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones Bartlett Publishers.3(7) 15-28

Strategic Information System (SIS)

Introduction As Barlow (1990) provides, SIS exercise should align with SIS objectives for the realisation of business strategic goals. IS has enabled coordination and management and lack of experience and resources required to ensure implementation pose challenges to a company planning to operate globally. Additionally, overall success of an integrated business objective is stated by Pant and Hsu (1995) to â€Å"depend upon the organisation structure, the level of IT experience within the company and the availability of information resources† (p.17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Information System (SIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This therefore implies that IS is indeed a management function and requires the integration of both impact and aligned views of innovative and competitive intelligence of an organisation. It has also increased the realisation of IS application to a firm’s strategic activities enabling efficiency while improving business performances. When applied correctly, information technology can serve as a competitive intelligence in business operations. Technology-enabled business solutions have facilitated globalisation of business operations through retail and wholesale transactions such as global banking. Web-based electronic banking solutions on the other hand have eliminated time and distance barriers by attracting worldwide markets. As a control and coordinative function, IT has facilitated financial and human resources services increasing the global nature of interdependent to information system which in turn enhances business strategy. Strategic importance of information in organisations Strategic information system (SIS) is increasingly becoming important integration unit in many business application services. This approach to strategy formation has influenced the forces will see today in global markets. It is especially true that SIS has influenced strategic planning and is constantly improving company operations in significant ways. Its contribution and impacts to organizations has sufficiently supported the new role of information system and technology which captures and challenges while improving performance and realising gains of its investment. SIS is a practice that ted to regard application regimes such as planning, connecting structurally to different access points with multiple applications and directly to the information system to arrive at consistent economic evaluation of information system investment (Rockart 1979). Pant and Hsu (1995) define SIS as â€Å"the analysis of a corporation’s information and processes using businesses information models together with the evaluation of risk, current needs and requirements† (p.1). In this regard, SIS should be generally understood as a critical requirement to corporate data processing and development of computer-based system that response to company’s needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, realisation of the need to make information system importance to organisation has become practical bringing with it an intertwined relationship between information system function and corporate strategy (Pavri and Ang 1995; Beath and Orlikowski 1994; Porter and Miller 1985). Thought to be particularly important to today’s competitive markets, SIS applications have been widely used as backroom operation in first line support services to deal with day to day mundane tasks leaving office operations to concentrate on strategic planning (Lederer1992). SIS planning begins with identification of needs followed by strategic implementation that begins with what Pant and Hsu (1995) states as â€Å"objectives, priorities, and authorisation of information system projects need to be formalised† (p.1). In other words, beginning with simple tasks then slowly progressing to complex information and support system levels requires as stated in Pant and Hsu (1995) article as â€Å"identification of system development plan that identifies specific projects slated for the future are required, priorities for each project and for resources, general procedures and constraints for each application area† (p.2). In other words, SIS plans to integrate into the corporate system should be specific and adequate to allow understanding of each application, and to understand its procedural order of development. This simply means that organisations should provide a new checklist to ensure most critical priorities are met first. King (1995) article on SIS argued that â€Å"a strategic capability architecture- a flexible and continuous improving infrastructure of organisation capabilities- is the primary basis for a company’s sustainable competitive advantage† (p.67). He stresses on th e need for continuous updating and improving of information system application to align with firm’s strategic objectives against its capabilities. Also defined by Pant and Hsu (1995) as â€Å"a networked, integrated system, available and supportive to users, relate to business strategy, and enable the business-business driven† (p.4), it is indeed true that SIS is a prerequisite of management functions and its application is critical to company’s future success. Corporate functions align with information use and needs with the strategic direction of a company increase strategic importance of information technologies (Battaglia 1991; Hsu and Rattner 1993). As strategically used in office applications, information technology has the capacity to drive development of corporate information system ensuring economic evaluations of information system investment reduces time and space barriers. Deliverance mechanisms of information technology projects specifically rely on aspects such as computer integrated manufacturing such as electronic data interchange and mails as well as providing links to suppliers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Information System (SIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In factory application, information technology has been critical in providing future strategic sustainment for existing businesses. This application is evident in employee data base and maintenance of scheduling. It has also had the strongest influence on support system of an organisation by helping improve management and performance in areas such as recording and payroll. Applied as a strategic and competitive integrative tool, it has been without doubt that information technology has enabled businesses link to each other while pursuing their opportunities and goals. As an agent-based programming, SIS has been progressively used to support breakthrough ideas in business process es. One business week article presented in The Technology Payoff (1993) argued that information system provides business strategies for management and users while providing coalition systems applicable for entrepreneurial use in innovation and bottom-up development. Deeply imbedded in business processes, SIS has been evidenced to bring about agility, quality and productivity. Applied strategically to cater for the ever rising organisation demands that strive to serve business goals and gain competitive advantage. The Technology Payoff (1993) article provide that information system has indeed helped many businesses in meeting their data processing needs when it indicated that â€Å"throughout the 1980s US businesses invested a staggering $1 trillion in the information tech logy†(p.57). This statement clarifies the importance of IS in adding vale to an organisation. Merely as a tool for integrating business strategies, SIS is indeed a management function that helps identify wea kest areas in organisation and providing the best management systems. Understanding IS practice is important in helping an organisation maximise the return on its information technology investment while meeting its data processing needs. On turning on the question of literacy, integration of information technology in management functions has automated routine tasks without changing business processes, resulting to high productivity. It is also plausible to argue that application of IS has hugely reduced organisation operation expenses by flattening an organisation and adding value to the existing processes. Other studies by The Technology Payoff (1993) claim â€Å"the return on investment in information system averaged to 54% for manufacturing and 68% for all businesses surveyed† (p.58). The article further adds â€Å"technology impacts on re-defining, re-engineering businesses and is likely to continue and it’s expected that IT will play increasingly important roles in future† (p.58).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pant et al (1994) on the other hand points out that â€Å"the emerging vision of virtual corporations will become a reality only if it is rooted in new visionary information technology† (p.1). This article emphasises the future strategic importance of SIS when it further stated â€Å"it is information technology alone which will carve multiple ‘virtual corporations’ simultaneously out of the same physical resources and adopt them without having to change the actual organisation† (p.1). This shows that IT has over the years achieved coherence and integration offering unprecedented possibilities, which have turned into strategic planning. Keen (1993) realistically posits that â€Å"organisations not planning for strategic information system may fail to spot the business implications of competitors use of information technology until it is too late for them to react† (p.1). It is to this we conclude that information technology changes the basics of com petition in an industry, and without it, many businesses will be distinct. While SIS is generally recognised as a key to economic resource, companies are increasingly considering it as one of the firm’s most valuable source of knowledge and important assets comparable to capital and human resources. Since, information is very critical to post-industrial age. The changing world of work is changing to correspond with the ever-changing nature of science and technology- which means that the mainstreams of organisations are driven by technical and strategic functions. IT plays a crucial role in enabling critical operations such as banking and retailing transactions and overall performances come to operation. A perfect example of this is Wal-Mart Stores as quoted by Sheth (1994) to provide â€Å"a computerised inventory control system that electronically orders merchandise from supplies and maintain order in the warehouse† (p.3). This device uses the Wal-Mart Satellite Netwo rk (WSN) that enables two way satellite communications between networks. He further provides Apple and Hewlett-Packard computers as other examples of electronics that are integrated with information system. The second dimension of strategic importance of information in management functions is that of centralising strategic operations. Involved with leading the way in the organisation operates, IT has immensely gained recognition in top management functions. General Motors provides another example on the use of computers as communicative strategic resource enabling it acquire EDS and Hughes. Gaining top management attention, I S has enabled integrated data processing and telecommunication functions to a centralised location. This function explains how information system can mobilise organisation support operations to a centralised strategic functions spreading power away from local administrative support functions to the centre of strategic integrated operation. Information technolog y is increasingly becoming important strategic resource resulting to intense competition in the markets forcing companies to become more efficient and effective. (McFarlan 1984, p.98) Globalisation of business operations have also come to effect since the adoption of IS applications. Sheth (1994) argues that IT has facilitated the post-industrial age where companies acquire global operations and products immensely reducing time and space barriers in market operations. Dating back to its ability to influence organisational changes, Sheth (1994) argues that information technology has enabled flexibility allowing easy collaborations between companies leading to increased mergers and acquisitions evidenced today. With regards to technological revolution, information technology has enabled availability of affordable and useful software applicable to organisation enabling them operate on reduced costs (Rouse and Howard 1993). Telephone companies are good examples of how office automation through computerised billing and operation services can be essential in enabling a company gain competitive advantage over others. These companies also reported reduced operation costs that resulted to significant cost savings and easy account management with the application of information technology. Hotel and tourism industry on the other hand have also reported significant reduction in what Sheth (1994) states as â€Å"operation costs through computerised travel reservations, guest reservations, billing and physical facilities† (p.5). Information technology provides systematic monitoring and evaluation of product and service ensuring less error per unit of activity is achieved. This strategy is evident in the scanner technology and The Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode with chart labels used throughout the US in supermarkets to identify products being purchased. This system has also been used in to speed up checkout processes in airline baggage applications and inventor y control in merchandise management in retail stores (Sheth 1994, p.5). Telecom companies and Fedex Express are increasing relying on value-added services to customise needs of users by creating immediate value and differentiation. Both of these companies have extensively integrated information technologies into their system as a way of enhancing their reliability and ensuring timely deliveries are made -which serves a competitive advantage. When used correctly, information technology faced with information can serve as a competitive intelligence in business operations. For example the Sabre system as applied by American airlines ensures constant updates of airline schedules and fares are adjusted serving it a competitive advantage over other companies. Technology-enabled business solutions have facilitated globalisation of business operations through retail and wholesale transactions such as global banking. Web-based electronic banking solutions have eliminates time and distance ba rriers ensuring suppliers and customers are provided with adequate and efficient services. As a control and coordinative function, IT has facilitated financial and human resources services increasing the global nature of interdependent to information system which in turn enhances business strategy. Sheth (1994) provides perfect example of such operations to include Investment banking and stock exchange companies as a global business operations specialising in borrowing and investing capital across global financial markets on web portals. Sheth (1994) article also emphasises that without information system, the high degrees of stock market volatility and market crash experienced a decade ago would not have occurred. He further adds that computerisation of information technologies have enabled investors adequate information on daily trading cycles. Airline industries on the other hand have been great beneficiaries of information system through the application of inventory control and order entry system since most of its retailing merchandise services such booking tickets are done on internet portals. Finally, embracing information technology through mergers and acquisitions has enabled rationalisation of manufacturing capacity on international levels necessitating what Sheth (1994) states as â€Å"the development and deployment of global networks to coordinate all the activities of manufacturing, assembly and fabrication across global networks† (p.8). Sheth (1994) concludes by adding that â€Å"areas of global business operations such as global procurement, marketing, resources and economy are creating a need for information technology to eliminate time and distance barriers† (p.8). One more reason for increasing the importance of information technologies is the reorganisation of departments and corporations. It has been evidenced that office automation functions have realised reduced operational costs and facilitated efficiency through flattening an organisation and consolidating the support functions such as clerical and secretarial to enable faster data processing as evident in many telecommunication companies. Also, the increased domestic mergers and acquisitions were facilitated by integration and consolidation of information systems which enabled companies realised their capital investment through reduced operation costs. Realisation of corporate strategic resource requires re-organisation and rationalisation of respective information technologies. In crisis management for instance, Sheth (1994) urges the need to recognised adequate information technologies when he stated â€Å" is it possible to prevent, abate, contain or at least quickly respond to corporate crises such as earthquakes, major fire, random shootings, or stealing proprietary information† (p.9). Conclusively, as companies grow and competition intensifies, the need to align company’s strategic goals to become market driven is required. Sheth (1994) succinctly adds â€Å"when an organisation shifts from product divisions to market divisions, the value chain and flow of operations change significantly â€Å"(p.9). This is to mean that if a manufacturing firm for example is driven by materials and customers demand, application of information system to bridge the gap and re-organise its functional activities and support systems to satisfy its customers is required. Sheth (1994) concludes by adding that â€Å"many functions cannot be carried out efficiently without customer order entry systems, database management and, in general, on-line integrated information systems† (p.9). As mentioned earlier, understanding of current practice relating to the application of information system in areas such as crisis management, competition, mergers and acquisitions and consolidation are of paramount importance. This article has realistically pointed out increased value in IS application by providing examples on its efficiencies in the mainframe computing. Facsimile machined have transformed to calculators and telephone terminals. Finally, fibre optics, personal computers and the advent of digital services are among just a few information system solutions mentioned by Sheth (1994). Data Protection Legislation Data Protection Legislation is a law designed to protect personal data against illegitimate processing or unauthorised deletion or loss. Personal information is subjected to a complex array of data protection laws limiting data use without the consent of the party being obtained from. Below is an overview of some of the UK laws that business need to consider to avoid what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"issues of legal liability, restriction on the handling of data or damage of brand and reputation† (p.1). The Data Protect Act 1998 provides Rules and practices that must be adhered to when processing information and grants rights to individuals whose information are being availed. This does not h owever prevent data processing but limits extend to which this information is being availed. This is done by creating independent supervisory body to ensure UK businesses are consistence with legislative requirements. Enforcing rules, rights and practices to ensure safe and healthy working environment aims at harmonising data protection legislation across UK. Aimed at regulating processing of data as applied to computer-based records, UK Data Protection Act directive strives to harmonise legislative rules on data protection to ensure its citizens are well informed and protected. Principles of data protection are applied particularly as stated by Wessing (2010) as â€Å"what personal data being processed, obtained and subsequently used, ‘fairly and lawfully’† (p.3). These are mentioned as; Ensuring data processed meets pre-set conditions of legislative rules, Requesting for permission from individual before collecting data from them. This implies that informatio n regarding the processing of personal data has to be consented and explained of its legitimate interests. In this regard, data subjects are required to be provided with extensive information explaining how data will be gathered and processed as well as full identity of data controller and purposes of data being collected. Data subjects on the other hand are required to be provided what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"rights that include right to object to direct marketing and right to prevent processing likely to cause substantial distress to† (p.3). The Privacy and Electronic Communication The Privacy and Electronic Communication regulation applies to marketing communications activities via electronic media such as fax, email and telephone. This directive to privacy is aimed at governing data in the events of information exchange. This electronic communication regulation act requires the sender to provide his identification and notify the recipient whenever their information is being obtained. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) This legislation is concerned with monitoring of communication on public and private networks. Lawful interception obtains communication network data for monitoring purposes and requires companies to inform users of the subsequent use of their information as provided by Lawful Business Practice Regulations 2000. RIPA sets out what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"requirements for monitoring or keeping records of communication in self regulatory practices and demonstration that standards by persons using the system and detect authorised use of employer information† (p.8). Freedom of information Act 2000 (FOI) Freedom of information Act 2000 (FOI) gives individual rights to access or deny the existence of the recorded information held by public authorities or competitors (Wessing 2010, p.8). Incorporating key aspects of the data protection legislation Apple Company started as a computer company in the 1970s an d has continued to expand its products over the decades to more specialised products. It admits to using cookies on its website as a strategy of keeping statistics on what parts of the websites that are most hit and how much time clients spend on the website for purposes of product improvement- mentioned as number one online advertisement strategy (Apple 2010). Some data may also require special kind of service level features such as Voip or video conferencing. In this regard, lawful interception of information networked data for monitoring purposes will require Apple to adequately inform its users of its subsequent use. Information System Planning Framework While multihoming is generally used to eliminate network failures, Apple Company applies it to save data transfer costs as the site can use several Internet Service Providers (ISP) and route data traffic to a certain ISP (Hinden 2010). On the contrary though, Information system managers in Apple Company when attempting to connec t employees in various department fails to implement data protection rules when spying on employees who engage in leisure browsing activities while at work. These problems have always been attributed to adequate education on employee privacy due to lack of resources, insufficient planning process and output related problems. Failure to hire technical expertise commitment to carrying out the final plan increases fault intolerance and redundancy because when a lot of office hours are spend on leisure browsing resulting to low outputs. In this regard, resources are required to carry out strategic information system planning, finding team leader with adequate knowledge in computer support and offering education on data protection legislation. In this regard, top management executives should ensure company objectives are not detailed, lengthy and complex, otherwise information system application may be of no value. Where the objective of an organisation aligns with IS strategy, Barlow (1 990) argues that â€Å"the large number of methodologies that have been developed can often add confusion rather than clarify to the (IS) planning process (p.6). Conclusion SIS plans to integrate into the corporate system should be specific and simple to allow understanding of its procedural order of development. The need for continuous updating and improving of information system application to align with firm’s strategic objectives against its capabilities is required. Since information technology provides systematic monitoring and evaluation of products and services, companies that apply IS should be able to record increased turn over ratios due to reduced error per unit levels. It is indeed true that SIS is a prerequisite of management functions and its application is critical to company’s future success. In this regard, all corporate functions should align their company strategic direction with information system applications as a strategy to increase the importa nce of information technologies. In cases of data protection legislation, subjects are required to be provided with extensive information explaining how data will be gathered and processed as well as full identity of data controller and purposes of data being collected. List of References Apple. 2011. Apple Customer Privacy Policy. Available at;  https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/ Barlow, J.F., 1990. Putting Information Systems Planning Methodologies Into perspective. Journal of Systems Management, 1, pp. 6-9. Battaglia, G., 1991. Strategic Information Planning: A Corporate Necessity. Journal  of Systems Management, 1, pp. 23-26. Beath, C.M., and Orlikowski, W.,1994. The Contradictory Structure of Systems Development Methodologies: Deconstructing the IS-User Relationship in Information Engineering. Information Systems Research, 5, pp.350-377 Hinden, R., 2010. RFC 3513: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)  Addressing Architecture. Available at:  https://www.ietf.org/ Hsu, C., Rattner, L.,1993. Information Modeling. Journal of Productions and  Operations Management. 1(3), pp.1 Keen, P., 1993. Information Technology and the Measurement Difference: A Fusion Map. IBM Systems Journal, 32, pp. 1 King, R., 1995. Creating A Strategic Capabilities Architecture. Information Systems  Management, 12, p. 67-9. Lederer, L., 1992. Strategic Information Systems Planning – The Method/1 approach. Information Systems Management, 1, pp.1 McFarlan, F., 1984. Information Technology Changes the Way You Compete.  Harvard Business Review, 1, pp. 98-105 Parvi, F., and Ang, J., 1995. A Study of the Strategic Planning Practices in Singapore. Information Management, 28, pp 33-47 Pant, S., Hsu, C., 1995. Strategic Information System Planning: A Review.  Information Resources Management Association International Conference. 1, 1-23 Pant, S., Rattner, L., Hsu, C., 1994. Manufacturing Information Integration Using a Reference Model. International Journal of Operat ions and Production Management, 14, pp.11 Porter, M., Millar, V., 1985. How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage.  Harvard Business Review, 1, pp.1 Rockart, J.F., 1979. Chief Executives Define Their Own Information Needs. Harvard  Business Review, March, pp.1 Rouse, W., Howard, C., 1993. Software tools for supporting planning. Industrial  Engineering, 1, pp. 51-53. Sheth, J., 1994. Strategic Importance of Information Technology. Advance in  Telecommunications Management, 4, pp.1-14 The Technology Payoff., 1993. Feature Article. Business Week, 1, pp. 57-68. Wessing, T., 2010. An overview of UK data protection law. This essay on Strategic Information System (SIS) was written and submitted by user Ronan P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Morals as Depicted in The Grea essays

Morals as Depicted in The Grea essays Morals as Depicted in The Great Gatsby The East and the Midwest are symbols of different moral attitudes and life-styles in the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Tom Buchanan, Daisy and Jordan Baker were all born and at least spent most of their lifetime in the West. On the one hand the West symbolizes conservative values like honesty, a strong sense of community and as an outgrowth, an inquisitory attitude which spares only children and the very old. The East, on the other hand, stands for modern life with all its materialistic features and moral flaws like carelessness, dishonesty and decadent vices. So there is a distinction of the East and the West in the novel. To Nick the West starts beyond the Ohio River. You can still see this contrast nowadays, however not to that high degree as it's shown to us in the novel. Taking a closer look at statistical facts like density of population, crime rates, ethnic composition of the inhabitants , immigration figures and industrial structure one can see that the West has always been topped by the East. The West, however, shows a more agricultural orientation. Respecting the statistical facts above and the rural structure of the West, one comes to the conclusion that conservative or traditional values are of higher importance in the lifestyle of Westerners than in the life of Easterners. Thus a contrast in both lifestyles is still visible today. Comparing e.g. New York and St.Louis as typical representatives of their regions, this contrast becomes evident. New York the corrupt, hectic, dirty but also highly progressive metropolis of the East Coast, and the almost paradise-like, comfortable and a little provincial gate to the West, St.Louis, are the p erceivable incarnation of the striking contrast between the West and the East of the USA. ...

Interview project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview project - Coursework Example The interviewee was again asked five questions, and they were differently constructed from those asked from the preschool child. Questions were such that they required thoughtful answers than simple â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†. Conclusion: Interviewee generally came up with interesting answers. The interviewee confused values with morals and ethic. He reckoned it ok to steal from government because he thought this is what government did itself. Education was deemed important and was seen as a healthy activity for brain. A friend in need was considered as the true friend. The interviewee revealed that he wanted to serve the community as a doctor. Middle School Interview: Introduction: The boy was asked five questions, some of which were exactly what the high school student was asked, while others were different. The boy was mediocre in studies. He willingly offered himself for the interview. Conclusion: The boy came up with short and prompt replies. He did not know what is r espect. Staying motivated and achievement of goals was to him, self discipline. He had a play station but he did not consider that very important. To him, good friend is one who can be trusted and be spent time with. He considered that his friends could keep secrets but refused to give much explanation for the same.

VIsiting Los Angeles County Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VIsiting Los Angeles County Museum of Art - Essay Example There were lots of permanent art collections, art galleries and dress exhibitions which I got an opportunity to see Matisse in one. In one building, the Ahmanson, the modern art collections displayed works that went all the way from back in 1900. I loved most David Hackneys’ works which ranged from paintings which spoke a thousand words about people and all the more to nature. I also was intrigued by the truth in art being everywhere. I discovered this as I moved from one piece of art to another and nature, people, common objects, Paintings, music and films revealed art. This is something I had learnt in class though I had really doubted. This visit ascertained this without a doubt. I did not however enjoy this one aspect where every piece of art had a placard giving its name though it did not give sufficient information concerning the art and the artist behind it. And can you imagine I had to pay $11 for iced tea and a bun! This was not funny at all. A serious stereotype I had before I visited this place was that it is a cultural wasteland and it made me not even think about visiting it for such a very long time. Through this project, I discovered that this is just but a lie and that contrary to it; this place is so beautiful and is so rich in culture. Am actually planning to visit it again now that I can’t say I explored it to my

Interpretation of Political Cartoon Essay Example for Free

Interpretation of Political Cartoon Essay We feel that the cartoonist intended to convey that Malaya is going to take all the revenue of every state involved in the merger in order to contribute to Malaya’s prosperity. To justify our opinions above, we refer to the following points. The man in the vehicle is Tunku Abdul Rahman as he is wearing a religious hat and he is also the person driving the vehicle which made him seemed very mighty and powerful. The man rolling the wheel is Mr Lee Kuan Yew as he is the person who was strongly for the common market, precisely the words on the wheel that he was rolling. The truck that Tunku Rahman was driving was empty and was moving towards Singapore. As such, we felt that Tunku Rahman was going to take the money from Singapore in order to greater benefit Malaya. Mr Lee Kuan Yew is also put in a bad light as it seems like Mr Lee Kuan Yew is working for the Tunku. We then further deduce that the cartoonist is pro-Malaya from the additional inference that since the original title is in Malay, the cartoonist should be Malay as well. Singapore is placed at the edge of the entire picture and our country is also depicted as small and undeveloped. Malaya on the other hand, is big and has many factories that are emitting smoke which can suggest that their factories are in operation. As established above, Mr Lee Kuan Yew is the man who is rolling the wheel with the words ‘common market’ written on them. We think that this means that his main/ most explicit purpose of merger is for a common market to be set up. (With further analyzation, this can be a form of saying that Singapore is selfish as Singapore would benefit more than the other states. He also seems to be kneeling on the ground which could suggest that he is desperate for a common market. On the other wheel of the vehicle, there are the words ‘rural development’ written on them. We feel that this means that the Tunku is pushing forward the idea of developing the rural areas. (With analysation, this can also be hinting that Malaya is very gracious who is thinking about developing the other not as advanced states unlike Singapore who only thinks about her own benefits. ) We believe that these respectively are the high hopes of each country.

Feminine Sexuality and Passion in Kate Chopins The Storm Essay

Feminine Sexuality and Passion in Kate Chopin's The Storm         Ã‚   In Kate Chopin's short story The Storm, the narrative surrounds the brief extramarital affair of two individuals, Calixta and Alcà ©e. Many critics do not see the story as a condemnation of infidelity, but rather as an affirmation of human sexuality. This essay argues that "The Storm" may be interpreted as an affirmation of feminine sexuality and passion as well as a condemnation of its repression by the constraints of society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If one is to attempt to interpret The Storm, it becomes necessary to examine the conditions surrounding the story's genesis. The story was written in 1898, very shortly after Chopin had completed "The Awakening", "the boldest treatment so far in American literature of the sensuous, independant woman" (Seyersted 1969, p164). "The Storm" was not published, however, until well after Chopin's death, doubtless because of the as-yet unparalleled sensuousness of the story and its characters. In his critical biography Kate Chopin, Per Seyersted argues that "The Storm" is objective in its portrayal of human sexuality and that Chopin is "not consciously speaking as a woman, but as an individual" (p169). One must question this assertion, however; it is doubtful that in writing "The Storm" so soon after completing her 'feminist' novel, Chopin had "the protest of "The Awakening" off her mind" (p169).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The title of "The Storm", with its obvious connotations of sexual energy and passion, is of course critical to any interpretation of the narrative. Chopin's title refers to nature, which is symbolically feminine; the storm can therefore be seen as symbolic of feminine sexuality and passion, and the image of the storm will ... ...l constraints; her unreserved portrayal of feminine sexuality would have been seen as a radical affront to the society of her time. The ending is therefore purposefully ambiguous: one may see the storm's passage as implying a happy ending, or one may see it as implying that the storm will eventually return, perhaps with the intent to destroy. Kate Chopin, however, sees feminine sexuality as something that is pure, natural, and very real in its existence; one cannot assume that a brief and limited awakening that passes like a storm will be enough to make one happy.    List of References Used * Chopin, Kate. "The Storm" in Fiction 100: An Anthology of Short Stories (6th edition), by James H. Pickering. Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada, 1992. * Seyersted, Per. Kate Chopin: A Critical Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.   

Sugar Revolution

THE EFFECTS OF Migration Since the 1950’s migration has by no means on a small scale. The main reason people from the Caribbean migrate is to make a better type for themselves and their families. Many sacrifices are made when West Indians deceive their home lands for foreign lands. DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES OF MIGRATION Migration has disrupted the family structure. While parents are away trying to make a living and sending home remittances[1] guardians are expected to fulfill the role of one or both parents. Disadvantages: Although they may be financially better off, the absence of a biological arent could lead to delinquent behaviors. Advantages: However, this is not always the case, since some children are able to complete studies successfully and become worthwhile citizens. In fact, some migrants are able to send for their families to join them in their adopted countries. This is a very exciting time in the life of the family and is regarded as a new adventure. Once sett led, they realize how different the country and lifestyles are and they are forced to adjust quickly. Once fully adjusted to the new lifestyle, some people no longer yearn for back home but ake new friends and get on with their lives. Others, especially the older people, continue to yearn for the lifestyle they once had back home and make plans to return home on regular vacations. These vacations, being the focal point of their lives, are enjoyed to the maximum as persons return bringing gifts or relatives and friends. The stories and experiences shared entice other West Indians to want to migrate–. And d 2 thing above migrate. 1. Remittances: Money sent to a person. 2. This migration very often leads to brain drain of the West Indian countries. ———————– [1]

Management Controlling - 1991 Words

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Breast Cancer Risk Factors And Prevention - 1526 Words

Breast Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention When malignant cells form in the tissues of the breast, breast cancer occurs. One in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer also occurs in men; however, the number of cases is small compared to women accounting for only 1% of the breast cancer cases in the United States (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world (Stuckey, 2011), and the second most common type of cancer in American women next to skin cancer. Over the past several years, deaths from breast cancer have decreased each year; however, it still remains the second most frequent cause of cancer related deaths in American women with lung†¦show more content†¦Being a woman is the primary risk factor for developing breast cancer. Women are 100 times more likely to develop breast cancer than men (American Cancer Society, 2014). In addition, a person’s risk of developing breast cancer increases with age (Stuckey, 2011). One out of 8 invasive breast cancers are found in women younger than 45, while about 2 out of every 3 invasive breast cancers are found in women age 55 or older (American Cancer Society, 2014). The risk of breast cancer in a 70 year old woman is about 10 times that of a 30 year old woman (Stuckey, 2011). Having a family history of breast cancer is a risk factor (Stuckey, 2011). There are more people diagnosed with breast cancer whose close blood relatives have the disease. Having a first-degree relative, which is a mother, sister, or daughter, with a history of breast cancer approximately doubles a woman’s risk. Having two first-degree relatives with breast cancer makes a person three times more likely to develop breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2014). Women with a personal history of a benign cancer disease have an increased risk of developing a second primary breast cancer (National Cancer Institute). Those diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40 are at higher risk and younger women have are three times as likely to develop any future cancer and are four and a

The Career Of Being A Fashion Designer - 2392 Words

î ¿ ¿ î ¿ ¾ FASHION DESIGNER THE CAREER OF BEING A FASHION DESIGNER TRINITY ELISHIA MCKOY JANUARY 9 , 2015 SUBMITTED TO MR.KEVIN NELSON EIGHTH GRADE HOUSE COATS-ERWIN MIDDLE SCHOOL NORTH CAROLINA -COMMON CORE OBJ(S)8.W.1 8.W.5 Trinity Elishia McKoy 8th Grade Eng/Language Arts Mr.Kevin L. Nelson January 9 ,2015 The career of being a Fashion Designer ? Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a fashion designer? Hopefully this will help you. The question is what exactly is a fashion designer. â€Å" A Fashion designer is one who creates or adapts original designs for clothing for men , women , and children. Most specialize in one particular type of clothing , such as women , dresses or men’s suits , or in accessories such as handbags , hats , or jewelry.’’ A fashion designer job is very competitive , since you have other designers who specialize in the same thing as you. What makes a fashion designer important? A fashion designer is a great need in the world. We as humans need clothes for every type of weather and occasion. Also clothes are made to express people personality. Clothes are made so that we can be who we are and look stylish at the same time. That the fashion designer job is to make the clothes unique and to hopefully fit someone personality besides theirs. A fashion designe r job is to create. Since the fashion world is so widespread it is hard for a fashion designer to be unique. They always have to keep up withShow MoreRelatedCareers of Design: Interior and Fashion Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagescategory in which two special occupations fall into: a fashion designer and an interior designer. Fine Arts is a unique category that some adults’ jobs fit into. Fine Arts employs a majority of people who are artistic and are creative. However, not all the employed enjoy the Arts; some of the careers are simplistic and simply follow orders of a creative boss. 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Customer Relationship Management Balance Score Card

Question: Discuss about the Balance score card of crocs and growth ratio of crocs using balance sheet? Answer: Introduction The balanced scorecard is found to be a significant framework for strategic management and planning which is extensively utilized in the industry and business, nonprofit and governmental organizations worldwide so that the business activities can be aligned in accordance with the organizational vision and strategy. This can further facilitate in enhancing external and internal communication emulated by the monitoring of the organizational performance against the strategic goals of an organization. The balanced scorecard has four significant perspectives that are as below: Internal business process Financial/Stewardship Customer/Stakeholder Learning and Growth Perspective The learning and growth perspective incorprates attitudes of the corporate culture and employee training that is further related to the corporate self improvement (Relevant development: Effective leadership training, 2012). In an organization having a technological change, it is quite imperative for the workers to adapt to such change and that can be attained through learning and growth perspective. The financial perspective entails the financial performance of the company where the financial performance can be explored through different key performance indicators like return on equity, net profit margin, assets turnover etc (Jiang and Lee, n.d.). The business process perspective is related to the approach as to how the business keeps on running and that the products and services conform to the requirements of the customer (Unnikrishnan, n.d.). The customer perspective realizes the importance of customer saisfaction and customer focus in a business (DR.K.VANITHA, 2012). Therefore, if the customers are not satisfied then they would look for another brand or service. Balanced Scorecard Crocs Shoewear The balanced Scorecard for Crocs Shoewear will also incorporate the above mentioned perspectives as below: Internal business process: One of the signficant strengths of Crocs is related to the supply chain competitive capabilities. The supply chain of Crocs is considered to be quite flexible that is capable enough for filling the new orders in accordance with the rapid quality manufacturing emulated by the shipping of those newly manufactured products to the retail outlets. It has a fast shipping and manufacturing process emulated by the excess capacity and rapid replenishment framework that has allowed them for meeting an unanticipated increase in the market demand within a short period of time (Relevant development: Effective leadership training, 2012). Crocs has a significantly effective, efficient and a standardized process of production associated with molding and injection and that there is no excess inventory because of an epansion in an on demand production (Zellner, 2011). For the purpose of rapidly meeting an increasing demand during a season within a certain market, the Company Crocs has an ability for moving the equipment to their several operations related to manufacturing, mainly the closest location of the production of that particular market for capturing and meeting the local needs of the customer. Financial Perspective: The financial perspective can be illusrated from numerous key performance indicators like gross profit which indicates the ability of the company to decrease the cost of goods sold and enhance the gross margin to cover up the fixed expenses. In the recent years the gross margin has enhanced significantly in comparison to its starting years. The gross profit in 2013 was $623 millions but in 2014 it was $590 million. Though, there is not so much difference but it can decrease further if the cost of goods sold keeps on increasing or the sales keep on diminishing. Furthermore, the financial strength of the company can be illustrated through three significant factors as below: Debt burden Debt to revenue ratio Altman Z-score The company Crocs has an interest expense of around $-0 million in September 2015. Apart from this, the operating income within the same time period was found to be $-21 million. Whereas, the long term debt was found to be $2 million. This indicates that Crocs did not have that much earnings for covering the interest expense. The debt to revenue ratio was found to be 0.03 which indicates that the lower the debt to revenue ratio, the better is it for the company. The Altman Z-score model is found to be a significant forecaster of the failure up till the two years of prior to distress. The crocs Z-score is calcuated using the following formula: Z = 1.2 x X1 + 1.4 x X2 + 3.3 x X3 + 0.6 x X4 + 1.0 x X5 X1 Working Capital /Total Assets 0.48 X2 Retained Earnings/Total Assets 0.42 X3 EBIT/Total Assets -0.1 X4 Market Value Of Equity/Book Value of Total Liabilities 1.7 X5 Revenue/Total Assets 1.5 After calculating the above Z score, it is found that the Altman Z score is 3.4 which indicates that it is within the safe zone. This also indicates that the company Crocs is not likely to fall into the distressed situations. Customer Perspective: Crocs has two significant types of consumers. This incorporates retail and consumer customers. For consumer customers, it has designed an extensive and broad system of distribution and that the shoes have an availability within an assortment of the retail outlets to departmental stores from the speciality stores and store chains of the large shoes (DR.K.VANITHA, 2012). Moreover, for the retail customers, the company has made this more attractive for the segment by permitting the customers of this segment to make an order of as few as 24 pairs while stocking them in accordance with the matter of weeks and not even months. Learning and Growth Perspective: The organizational structure of Crocs is decentralized. This permits the company for taking an advantage for the labor division and imparted decision making with the members (Unnikrishnan, n.d.). Furthermore, it allows the employees and laborers to enhance their performance by learning in accordance with their weak competency zones. Through this particular learning and growth at Crocs, the business managers can utilize the knowledge, experience and skills of the employees in an effective manner for optimizing the business performance. Growth Ratios The growth ratios for the Crocs Inc are as below: The above ratios explain the the revenues have increased in 2009 and 2010 but then it kept on decreasing considerably. This could be due to the fact that in 2014, the company decided to convert or close approximately 100 retail locations that were company owned around the world. The company also initiated inventory planning, merchanding for the purpose of driving sales growth but the impact of closures was quite significant which resulted in the decline of annual sales. Operating income and net income witnessed significant fluctuations. This is because of the fact that the cost of goods sold have increased along with a sluggish increase in the sales. In the same way, this has impacted the net income as well. References DR.K.VANITHA, D. (2012). Customer Relationship Management on Customer Satisfaction.IJSR, 3(4), pp.1-3. Jiang, X. and Lee, B. (n.d.). Financial Ratios, Expected Returns, and Fundamentals.SSRN Electronic Journal. Relevant development: Effective leadership training. (2012).Development and Learning in Organizations, 26(5), pp.32-36. Unnikrishnan, P. (n.d.). Decision Support, Business Process Improvement and Managing Data.SSRN Electronic Journal. Zellner, G. (2011). A structured evaluation of business process improvement approaches.Business Process Mgmt Journal, 17(2), pp.203-237.

Social Control of Tobacco and Alcohol free essay sample

Tobacco and alcohol Consumption of tobacco and alcohol has long been proven to be harmful to one’s health, however it should be considered one’s liberty to smoke or drink and such acts are not considered â€Å"illegal† under laws. However, many countries have implement social control mechanisms in regulating smoking or drinking behavior, which raises controversy in the sense that smoking and drinking could be seen as â€Å"norms† in social gatherings. This essay is divided into two parts: the first part attempts to justify the need for social control for tobacco and alcohol using various sociological theories and studies; while the second part describes the mechanism of social control on this issue in the context of Hong Kong in detail. Definition of Social Control Before justifying the need of social control for smoking and alcohol consumption, it is necessary to understand the definition of social control. The Oxford Dictionary of Sociology defines social control as social processes that regulate behavior of individuals or groups into conforming to norms and values in society. Edward Ross was known for pioneering the concept of social control, he defines it a purposive ascendency over individual aims and interests through definite and organized means to uphold social interest and function (Ross, 1986). According to Black (1976), social control includes the definition of deviance as well as the responses to deviance; while Cohen (1985) claimed that social control is an organized response towards deviance; while Meier argues that there are three functions of social control: serving as a description of social processes, mechanism to ensure compliance and social stability, as well as a method to study social order (Meier, 1982). Justifying Social Control Hobbes on Social Control In Leviathan (1651) by Thomas Hobbes, he assumes that men are all equal and selfish, and such selfish desires drives men into a state of war – where human beings pursue their own gratifications and interests as they saw fit without considering the rights of others, thus giving rise to conflicts and chaos in the absence of a sovereign power or laws to regulate social order. Hobbes argues that in the state of nature, there is no concept of morality. Thus, under the fear of death, people would be willing to come together and to form a sovereign power, known as Common-wealth, submitting their liberties in exchange for safety and sustainability. Tobacco and Alcohol Applying this theory in the case of tobacco smoking, without social control, people who are free to pursuit satisfaction from smoking as they saw fit, without considering the threats they pose to the physical wellbeing of themselves or others. Conflict between men arises. Under the assumptions that men desire a commodious living and fear death, it calls for social control via common-wealth on the behavior of tobacco smoking or drinking. However, despite the rise of common-wealth, people are still tempted to disobey laws in the absence of a coercive system of punishment. Thus, under Hobbes’ theory, there should be a formal social control mechanism that compels people to conform to norms and rules. John Locke on Social Control In The Second Treatise on Civil Government (1690) by John Locke, he proposes the concept of the State of Nature – a state with full liberty within the laws of nature. Locke assumes that men are reasonable, equal and independent before the law, and no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. Tobacco Under Locke’s theory, social control on tobacco can be justified in the sense that smoking harms both the smoker as well as people around the smoker via second-hand smoke. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United States, people who are exposed to secondhand smoke have a 20-30% higher chance of developing lung cancer, and there has been an estimated 3,400 deaths of non-smokers a year by lung cancer in the States that is caused by secondhand smoke. In Hong Kong, according to the Hong Kong Cancer Registry under the Hospital Authority, lung cancer has been continuously ranked top of the list as the most common cancer in Hong Kong. This violates the state of nature when the smoker imposes a threat to the health of others. Locke argues that every man should have the right to punish the offender, who declares himself as violating the laws of reason and common equity, and poses danger to the preservation of mankind (Locke, 1960). Thus, in the name of sustaining the lives of men, this calls for the set up of a social contract, in which men comes to a mutual agreement in regulating the â€Å"deviant† act – in this case, tobacco smoking for the sake of common good. Alcohol Alcohol plays an important social and cultural role in society. For example, from the perspective of Chinese medicine, alcohol can be used as traditional health products to cure diseases or sooth pain; or in social gatherings or collective celebrations, consumption of alcohol can lighten up the social atmosphere, making people more relaxed, talkative or sociable. However, controversy arises when alcoholic substances causes harm on one’s physical well being or bring about accidents that harm other’s lives. Under Locke’s theory, every one ought not to harm another’s life, health, liberty or possessions, and everyone has the right to punish transgressors of the law (Locke, 1960). Thus, social control on alcohol can be justified because consumption of alcohol is known to affect one’s judgment, awareness and consciousness and often triggers alcohol-related harms and accidents. According to statistics from the Transport Department, almost 900 vehicle accidents resulting in personal injury were due to alcohol consumption, with 24 fatal cases. From this statistics, it can be concluded that alcohol consumption raises the possibility of traffic incidents, thus endangering the life of other people. Thus, according to Locke’s theory, it is necessary for people to control and regulate alcohol consumption for the preservation of human lives and social safety. Differential Association Theory Apart from Locke’s theory, Edward Sutherland’s differential association theory can also justify the need for regulating deviant behavior. According to Sutherland, deviance is learnt through social interaction with other people, mainly via primary or close social groups (Williams amp; McShane, 1998). Such learning includes criminal patterns and techniques, motives as well as attitudes of criminals (Williams amp; McShane, 1998). In the case of drinking and smoking, people often drink because they hope to socialize and this can be learnt from various social settings. Social control of drinking can be justified in the sense that younger generations are exposed in settings where they can learn or develop such unhealthy habits, for example, hanging out in bars or with street gangs. Thus, it is necessary for some form of social control like minimum age for drinking to prevent teenagers from developing such habits at a young age. According to a population health survey conducted the HKSAR government in 2004, there is a growing trend of underage drinking in younger generations due to peer pressure. Thus, there is a need for social control mechanisms to prevent young teenagers that lack maturity from developing unhealthy habits at a young age, which would increase their risk of addiction as well as raising the risks of potential health hazards resulting from such behavior. Apart from concerns for teenagers’ future, from an economic perspective, there displays a need to regulate smoking and drinking. For example, smoking and drinking often results in cigarette buds and glass bottles disposed on Hong Kong streets, adding to economic burden of Hong Kong government in cleaning Hong Kong’s streets and maintaining the image of Hong Kong. Social Control Mechanisms in Hong Kong A. Formal Social Control Formal social control can be defined as mechanisms implemented by governments to regulate people’s behavior so to ensure conformity to social norms and legislations. Examples of formal social control include government policies, criminal laws and legislations. Measures to control availability Controlling the availability of tobacco and liquor is the key gatekeeping measure to control supply of such products in Hong Kong. In terms of tobacco, under Section 15A of the Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance in Hong Kong, it states that selling or giving of any form of tobacco products as means for promotion to anyone under the age of 18 is strictly prohibited, and anyone who is convicted of such an act could be fined up to HKD$25,000. In terms of alcohol, under the Dutiable Commodities (Liquor) Regulations (Cap. 109), a license issued by the government is required for restaurants or clubs to sell any form of liquor at the premises. It is also stated that no licensee is permitted to sell liquor to people under the age of 18. Yet, there is currently no restriction on the sale of alcohol for off-premises purposes. Measures to control marketing Marketing is another factor that directly influences consumer consumption, the government thus makes use of negative marketing strategies for tobacco and alcohol products so to raise the public awareness on negative impacts of smoking and drinking. In terms of tobacco, under the Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance (Cap. 371), it is statutory for all cigarette packs to contain a standardized health warning illustrating the side effects of tar and nicotine, e. g. â€Å"Smoking causes lung cancer†. Also, price markers or price boards of cigarettes in retailers are limited in number and style, as well as are compelled to bear a healthy warning up to the size of one-fifth of the boards. Both acts holds the cigarette producers and shop sellers responsible of ensuring there is a negative effect on marketing of cigarettes, failure to comply to the laws would result in fines up to HKD$50,000. In terms of alcohol, under the Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap. 562) and the Broadcasting Authority Ordinance, (Cap. 391), there are restricted codes of practice of media concerning advertising liquor on air. For example, advertising of alcohol beverages shall be broadcasted to target audience only, and are forbidden during four to eight in the evening to prevent any children under age of 18 to be exposed to such advertising. Also, it is stated under the ordinances that broadcasters shall not attempt to lure young people into picking up the habit of drinking, and shall not portray the act of alcohol consumption as appealing to young age groups. Measures to control pricing Regulating the prices of tobacco and alcohol products is one of the most effective ways to deter consumers with elastic demands from smoking or drinking. According to the World Bank, raising the price of cigarettes are the most effective way in deterring potential smokers from smoking due to their high price responsiveness. It is said that raising the price by 10% would successfully lower tobacco consumption by 8% in low- and middle-income countries. In terms of tobacco, duty is charged to the sellers and incorporated into prices of cigarettes in order to raise the marketing price of tobacco products in the market. According to the Dutiable Commodities Ordinance (Cap. 109), tobacco duty is charged as per quantity or weight by the Customs and Excise Department. For example, the duty charged per 1,000 cigarettes is HKD$1,706. Also as a means of preventing imports of cigarettes in Hong Kong, since 1 August 2010, it is prohibited for any residents or visitors of Hong Kong to carry more than 19 cigarettes to Hong Kong. This strict no duty-free cessation restricts the quantity of tobacco products entering Hong Kong. In terms of alcohol, since the year of 2008, duty on beer and wine has been exempted in Hong Kong. However, liquor that has over 30% alcohol strength has to pay 100% duty in proportion to its value. When comparing the pricing measures, tobacco has a stricter pricing strategy in reducing demand relative to alcohol. Measures that regulate behavior Other than measures that affect the supply, marketing and prices of tobacco products and liquor, formal social control mechanisms have also been implement in restricting drinking and smoking, especially in public areas. Under the Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance, as effective since 2007, smoking is prohibited in all indoor areas including restaurants, indoor workplaces, public indoor areas, public transport facilities and certain public outdoor spaces. In September 2009, the government has further tightened the smoking ban in regulating smoking in Hong Kong – Under the Fixed Penalty (Smoking Offenses) Ordinance (Cap. 600), offenders are subjected to a fine of HKD$1,500 if caught smoking in restricted non-smoking areas, and will be charged extra if fines were not settled within 21 days. In terms of alcohol, unlike the United States, Hong Kong does not restrict the carrying of alcohol products in the streets. However, behavior of drinking is mainly regulated by means to prevent drunk driving. According to the Road Traffic Ordinance (Cap. 374), it is illegal for someone to operate a vehicle if the proportion of alcohol in his breath exceeds 22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 milliliters of breath. In face that drunk driving has become a growing trend in Hong Kong, since 2009, the government implemented a random breath testing policy, permitting police officers to stop any vehicle and subject the driver to a breath test without reasonable suspicion. Any offender found drunk driving will be subject to fines up to HKD$25,000 as well as imprisonment up to 3 years. Also, a three-tier system was implement in recording the frequency of offense in drivers, first convictions will be deducted ten driving offense points, banned from operating vehicles for no less than 3 months and are required to attend a compulsory driving improvement course. B. Informal Social Control According to Black (1976), informal social control refers to non-legal means of regulating socially problematic behavior. Common examples include family, friends, religious groups, work colleagues, etc. Family Family serves as the first encounter of learning and development for children. Often, children raised in a stable environment rear well-attached children who are less likely to engage in deviant behavior, as said in social control theories. Parents are responsible for caring for their children, as well as educating them on acceptable social behavior and norms. When preventing their children from smoking or drinking, parents can bring out negative health consequences related to tobacco or alcohol consumptions; as well as serve as role models by refraining from such behavior so that their children would develop healthy living habits. Also, parents can set a curfew for their children to prevent them from hanging out in the streets late at night, which increases their risk of exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Parents can also implement strict budget control so that their children would not afford to buy tobacco or alcohol. Schools Education plays a key role in teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to take up adult roles in society concerning social relations and identities. Apart from family, school is another institution where children are placed in a system with rules and regulations, as well as authority figures to monitor their conduct. It acts as a secondary agent for socializing children of accepted social norms and values. Schools act as a form of informal social control through various ways. First, in terms of education curriculum, students are taught in biology or general studies the negative impacts of smoking and drinking, thus serves as a channel of information that deters children from taking up smoking or drinking. Second, in terms of institutional means, schools in Hong Kong have an organized system of rules that often include the ban of consumption of tobacco or alcoholic products on school premises. Teachers in school often serve as both authoritative figures and role models for students to learn and develop healthy habits and attitudes in life. Apart from institutionalized means, schools also co-operate with the government in organizing events in promoting anti-smoking or anti-drinking messages in the student body. For example, the Health Care and Promotion Fund organizes an inter-school anti-smoking campaign annually to enhance the knowledge of primary and secondary students on the harms of smoking, as well as prevent students from smoking (Health Care and Promotion Fund, 2007). It is a joint effort between the government, schools and non-governmental bodies to raise both awareness and knowledge of students on the issue through tobacco control slogan competitions, drama competitions, quizzes as well as movie competitions (Health Care and Promotion Fund, 2007). Mass Media According Demers (1999), mass media serves as both agents of social change and social control through controlling the dissemination of information that reinforces dominant social norms and values. However, due to the publicity and reach of mass media, mass media can be powerful in aiding the government in disseminating public information concerning health issues and concerns, thus raising public awareness on the issue of tobacco and alcohol. Conclusion To conclude, social control of tobacco and alcohol is necessary because consumption of both products leads to threats against other people’s health and lives. In order to preserve social order and preserve mankind, it is necessary to implement social control of tobacco and alcohol through formal and informal means. In Hong Kong, there is an organized legislature in tackling the availability, marketing, pricing as well as consumption behavior of tobacco and alcohol. While in terms of informal social control, families, schools, workplace, churches or non-governmental bodies, as well as the mass media go hand in hand in playing a key role in regulating smoking or drinking behavior. To conclude, it is essential to acknowledge the importance of collaboration of various parties to demonstrate the most effective way of social control. Bibliography Black, D. (1976). The Behavior of Law.